Fruit Waste to Nano- Wonders: Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles for Microbial Application

Abstract

Resistance of microbes developed as one of the most persistent worldwide threats to the health, which lead to the crucial need for advanced and sustainable antimicrobial solutions. The silver nanoparticles gathered a substantial consideration as a potential alternate to commercial antibiotics because of their antimicrobial activity against the pathogens that show the resistance against the drugs. However, AgNPs synthesis through the conventional methods majorly contains the use of harmful chemicals and involvement of intense energy procedures that cause risks to the health and environment as well. In this regard, green synthesis proposes an environment-friendly and economical method, where the natural materials such as fruit waste oils are utilized to produce AgNPs. The given review inspects the synthesis of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using fruit oil acting as a reducing and stabilizing agent following the green approach, this procedure addresses not only the issue of food waste but also helps to minimize the ecological footprints caused by the production of nanoparticles. The synthesis process is explained in depth, while concentrating on the reduction and formation of silver ions and nanoparticles having the stability. The characterization of the AgNPs that are synthesized is carried out using a number of techniqies, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), these techiques give the insights into the morphology, size and crystalline structure of the nanoparticles (NPs). Additionally, the AgNps are assessed for their antimicrobial properties, which underlines the working of the AgNps against the bacteria that are pathogenic in nature. Eventually, this work stresses on the formation of silver nanoparticles using the fruit waste oil following the green synthesis approach, aligning with the concept of sustainability and effective utilization of the resources, this provides an innovative way to fight against the microbes that are resistant and involvement in the sustainability of the environment.