Harnessing AI for Water Resource Management: Innovations, Applications, and Challenges

Abstract

Water resource management in Pakistan faces growing pressure due to increasing water scarcity, pollution, and inefficient distribution challenges intensified by climate change. This review investigates how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can contribute to more effective and sustainable water management in this context. It examines the application of AI techniques such as machine learning, deep learning, and predictive analytics for monitoring water quality, optimizing reservoir operations, forecasting flood risks, and improving agricultural water use. (Ahmad et al., 2025)). Assessing water demand and supply in the Upper Indus Basin using integrated hydrological modeling under varied socioeconomic scenarios. Applied Water Science. The paper presents both global and national case studies that demonstrate successful implementation of AI tools in water-related sectors. It also explores existing barriers, including limited data access, technological constraints, and inadequate policy support. Ultimately, the study underscores the transformative potential of AI in addressing Pakistan’s water challenges and enhancing the resilience of its water systems.