An Integrated Hybrid Methodology for Net-Zero Energy Residential Design in Rural Sindh

Abstract

The decarbonization of the building sector should be approached in a twofold manner that includes the reduction of operational energy consumption and the removal of carbon in the building materials. The paper gives a cumulative evaluation of a net-zero energy residential structure in Garhi Yasin, Sindh, Pakistan, involving active solar energy technologies and passive and low-carbon construction. The 3.6 kWp grid-connected system with battery storage was simulated with PV*SOL premium 7.5 and will satisfy 35.3% of the annual electrical demand (3,324 kWh of 8,608 kWh) with self-consumption of 99.6% and a payback period of 10.4 years. At the same time, a comparative cradle-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment was done on material substitution with traditional concrete blocks, cement plaster and steel reinforcement being substituted with clay bricks, lime plaster and bamboo. This replacement resulted in a 73.01% reduction and saved 27,597 kg of CO2 per 150 m2 house. The integrated solution can be shown as a model that can be replicated and adapted all around the world to residential buildings in the semi-arid zone, which can be seen as both energy and materials carbon footprint. Such integrated solutions such as updated building codes, financial incentives, and local supply chain development are policy recommendations.